{"id":1286,"date":"2019-09-08T17:42:11","date_gmt":"2019-09-08T16:42:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/?p=1286"},"modified":"2025-10-11T18:26:41","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T17:26:41","slug":"marquesas-islands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/marquesas-islands\/","title":{"rendered":"Marquesas Islands - Memories in stone: Tikis and pa'epa'e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In this mythical land, whose name sounds like a sensual invitation to discover the six inhabited islands out of the thirteen that make up the Marquesas archipelago, a handful of men and women are trying to reconnect with a past buried beneath the exuberant vegetation, engraved on stone or skin, or lurking deep in the collective memory.<\/strong> Ancient excavations have confirmed a human presence there dating back over a thousand years. Today, the Marquesans are trying to recover and protect their heritage, but the means are lacking.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/marquesas-islands\/#Hiva_Oa_Ensemble_ceremoniel_Tohua_Upeke\" >Hiva Oa: Tohua Upeke ceremonial ensemble<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/marquesas-islands\/#Hiva_Oa_les_tiki_de_Puamau\" >Hiva Oa: the tiki of Puamau<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/marquesas-islands\/#Tapu_et_Tabou\" >Tapu and Taboo<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p>The Marquesas archipelago was discovered in 1595 by the Spanish explorer Alvaro Mendana de Neira, who named it Las Marquesas de Mendoza after the wife of the viceroy of Peru, Don Garc\u00eda Hurtado de Mendoza, Marquis of Ca\u00f1ete, to show his gratitude for the help he had given her in launching the expedition. The francized form has survived.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is one of the archipelagos furthest from any continent, which is why it was reached and populated at a very late date by Austronesian sailors from Western Polynesia. The Marquesas, the last land in the Pacific when sailing eastwards, stretch over 350 km and are located 1,500 km from Tahiti. Born of recent volcanism, these islands have valleys delimited by an accentuated relief which enabled the inhabitants to define their different territories (fenua in the south, henua in the north). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Fl\u00e8ches-UA-POU-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Fl\u00e8ches-UA-POU.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Fl\u00e8ches-UA-POU-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Fl\u00e8ches-UA-POU-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Fl\u00e8ches-UA-POU-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">  The island of Ua Pou is recognisable by its \"volcanic spires resembling church steeples\", as Robert Louis Stevenson noted in 1888.  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ua Pou has a relief of high, sharp ridges on which the clouds cling, and which cut deep valleys where the first inhabitants took refuge around 800 AD, the date of the first settlement still being debated by archaeologists. The islanders of this period were pottery-makers, as were the inhabitants of the islands of Samoa and Tonga. In fact, the most recent archaeological and linguistic data suggest that this is where Marquesan settlement originated, some 2,000 miles from the Marquesas archipelago. <br> The houses, made of wood and branches, rest on a base of rectangular paving stones, the pa'epa'e. Even today, Marquesans still say \"we're leaving the pavement\" when they leave their land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-2_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-076-Copier.jpg\" alt=\" Common house on the island of Hiva Oa in Atuona. It was on this island that painter Paul Gauguin settled in 1901 in his Maison du Jouir.\" class=\"wp-image-1290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-2_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-076-Copier.jpg 512w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-2_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-076-Copier-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-2_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-076-Copier-400x600.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Common house on the island of Hiva Oa in Atuona. It was on this island that painter Paul Gauguin settled in 1901 in his Maison du Jouir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The first families settled in these valleys. \"The development of the coastline, at the bottom of the valley, was determined in part by the constraints linked to basic human needs: food, shelter, and by the beliefs and knowledge of these peoples of the sea, as the Polynesians were known,\" points out Pierre Ottino, archaeologist and researcher at the Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement.<br> It is still in these valleys - especially in the middle areas - that archaeologists are concentrating their research today. <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-2-bis-_-Ua-Huka-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"View of the island of Hua Huka arriving by boat.\" class=\"wp-image-1289\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-2-bis-_-Ua-Huka.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-2-bis-_-Ua-Huka-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-2-bis-_-Ua-Huka-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-2-bis-_-Ua-Huka-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">View of the island of Hua Huka arriving by boat.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The first archaeological work dates back to the 1920s, and was carried out by Ralph Linton. He inventoried numerous sites and surface structures based on the memories of the Ancients. His work still forms a basis for archaeologists today. Then an American mission led by Robert C. Suggs carried out excavations from 1957 to 1958 on the large island of Nuku Hiva. Other pioneers came from the 1960s onwards, such as Y. Sinoto (1979), who worked on the island of Ua Huka, the smallest island in the Northern Marquesas. Their research focused on the history of the settlement of the archipelago and the material and environmental past of the islanders. This research, which is still relevant today, is combined with an archaeology of surface structures and their development with the help of local populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hiva-oa-ensemble-ceremoniel-tohua-upeke\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hiva_Oa_Ensemble_ceremoniel_Tohua_Upeke\"><\/span> Hiva Oa: Tohua Upeke ceremonial ensemble  <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Numerous lithic structures remain from pre-European times: pa'epa'e (platforms), tohua (ceremonial and dance areas), me'ae (religious ensembles) and tiki, anthropomorphic statues sculpted around the 15th century. Often buried under vegetation, they are relatively better preserved in valleys that have been uninhabited since European times, such as on the island of Hiva Oa, home to the great Upeke ceremonial centre. It covers more than 3 hectares and consists of a large tohua surrounded by pa'epa'e and two me'ae. The site was surveyed by Ralph Linton in 1925 and restored in 1991 by the Tahiti Archaeology Department.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-3__Marquises_tohua-centre-Upeke_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-121-Copier-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Tohua at the Upeke centre on the island of Hiva Oa. Over 50 metres long, the tohua courtyard has a pa&#039;epa&#039;e reserved for the priests at one end and a sacrificial platform, the tuu, at the other.\" class=\"wp-image-1291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-3__Marquises_tohua-centre-Upeke_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-121-Copier.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-3__Marquises_tohua-centre-Upeke_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-121-Copier-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-3__Marquises_tohua-centre-Upeke_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-121-Copier-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-3__Marquises_tohua-centre-Upeke_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-121-Copier-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tohua at the Upeke centre on the island of Hiva Oa. Over 50 metres long, the tohua courtyard has a pa'epa'e reserved for the priests at one end and a sacrificial platform, the tuu, at the other.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-4_-paepae-_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_grand-centre-c\u00e9r\u00e9moniel-Upeke_mars07-135-Copier-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\" A pa&#039;epa&#039;e is a vernacular term for a rectangular lithic foundation raised off the ground. In the past, part of its surface was covered by a structure made of perishable materials (wood, palm branches, etc.) and provided shelter for one or more people engaged in various activities. Today, pa&#039;epa&#039;e or upe is used interchangeably with any stone platform, whether or not it supported a dwelling structure.\" class=\"wp-image-1292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-4_-paepae-_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_grand-centre-c\u00e9r\u00e9moniel-Upeke_mars07-135-Copier.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-4_-paepae-_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_grand-centre-c\u00e9r\u00e9moniel-Upeke_mars07-135-Copier-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-4_-paepae-_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_grand-centre-c\u00e9r\u00e9moniel-Upeke_mars07-135-Copier-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-4_-paepae-_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_grand-centre-c\u00e9r\u00e9moniel-Upeke_mars07-135-Copier-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> A pa'epa'e is a vernacular term for a rectangular lithic foundation raised off the ground. In the past, part of its surface was covered by a structure made of perishable materials (wood, palm branches, etc.) and provided shelter for one or more people engaged in various activities. Today, pa'epa'e or upe is used interchangeably with any stone platform, whether or not it supported a dwelling structure.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-5_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-146-Copier-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"In the northern part of the Upeke site, a small raised platform supports a large grey stone tiki, a 1.20 m boulder of which only the front is carved. It is thought to be an altar stone on which sacrificial victims were placed after being killed on the tohua and then carried to the me&#039;ae.\" class=\"wp-image-1293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-5_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-146-Copier.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-5_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-146-Copier-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-5_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-146-Copier-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-5_Hiva-Oa_Atuona_mars07-146-Copier-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In the northern part of the Upeke site, a small raised platform supports a large grey stone tiki, a 1.20 m boulder of which only the front is carved. It is thought to be an altar stone on which sacrificial victims were placed after being killed on the tohua and then carried to the me'ae.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-6-_\u00cele-de-Hiva-Oa-Atuona-paepae-de-Taaoa-Upeke_mars07-153-Copier-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\" Underneath the altar stone is a rounded, irregular head carved from black, porous volcanic stone. This head is considered to be tapu. \" class=\"wp-image-1294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-6-_\u00cele-de-Hiva-Oa-Atuona-paepae-de-Taaoa-Upeke_mars07-153-Copier.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-6-_\u00cele-de-Hiva-Oa-Atuona-paepae-de-Taaoa-Upeke_mars07-153-Copier-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-6-_\u00cele-de-Hiva-Oa-Atuona-paepae-de-Taaoa-Upeke_mars07-153-Copier-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-6-_\u00cele-de-Hiva-Oa-Atuona-paepae-de-Taaoa-Upeke_mars07-153-Copier-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Underneath the altar stone is a rounded, irregular head carved from black, porous volcanic stone. This head is considered to be tapu. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hiva-oa-les-tiki-de-puamau\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hiva_Oa_les_tiki_de_Puamau\"><\/span> Hiva Oa: the tiki of Puamau <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The archaeological site of me'ae Lipona, in the Puamau valley at the north-eastern tip of Hiva Oa, is home to the largest tiki known outside Easter Island. This exceptional site, covering just under a hectare, includes lithic platforms, five tiki in a relatively good state of preservation despite the lichens and algae that cover them, and nine sculpted heads (one of which has been in Berlin since the end of the 20th century). The site was first surveyed in 1897 by Karl Von den Steinen of the Berlin Museum. It was restored by archaeologist Pierre Ottino in 1991. These tiki, sculpted from volcanic tuff, a basalt that deteriorates, are now protected from the elements by shelters built in the traditional way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-7__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-102-Copier-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Hiva Oa, view from me&#039;ae Lipona.\" class=\"wp-image-1295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-7__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-102-Copier.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-7__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-102-Copier-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-7__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-102-Copier-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-7__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-102-Copier-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hiva Oa, view from me'ae Lipona.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-8_Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-057-Copier.jpg\" alt=\"The Takaii tiki (2.57m) is the largest in French Polynesia. A chief and great warrior renowned for his strength, tradition has it that he lived five or six generations ago.\" class=\"wp-image-1296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-8_Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-057-Copier.jpg 512w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-8_Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-057-Copier-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-8_Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-057-Copier-400x600.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Takaii tiki (2.57m) is the largest in French Polynesia. A chief and great warrior renowned for his strength, tradition has it that he lived five or six generations ago.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-9-bis_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-033-Copier-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-9-bis_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-033-Copier.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-9-bis_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-033-Copier-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-9-bis_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-033-Copier-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-9-bis_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-033-Copier-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-9__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-078-Copier-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Tiki Maki Taua Pepe. This exceptional representation of a reclining tiki was executed with remarkable care in light grey tufa. Originally found on its back, this statue represents a woman in labour.\" class=\"wp-image-1298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-9__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-078-Copier.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-9__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-078-Copier-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-9__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-078-Copier-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-9__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-078-Copier-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tiki Maki Taua Pepe. This exceptional representation of a reclining tiki was executed with remarkable care in light grey tufa. Originally found on its back, this statue represents a woman in labour.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-10-_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-072-Copier.jpg\" alt=\" The Fau Poe tiki is shown seated with its legs spread. Probably female, this statue is thought to represent Takaii&#039;s wife. \" class=\"wp-image-1299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-10-_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-072-Copier.jpg 512w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-10-_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-072-Copier-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-10-_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-072-Copier-400x600.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> The Fau Poe tiki is shown seated with its legs spread. Probably female, this statue is thought to represent Takaii's wife. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-11__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-066-Copier.jpg\" alt=\"One of the nine heads found on the Lipona me&#039;ae.\" class=\"wp-image-1300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-11__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-066-Copier.jpg 512w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-11__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-066-Copier-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-11__Marquises_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-066-Copier-400x600.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">One of the nine heads found on the Lipona me'ae.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As well as preserving their archaeological heritage, the Marquesans are reviving their past and their traditions, which were undermined by both religious and civil authorities for several centuries. This cultural revival, which began at the end of the 1970s, is expressed in particular during the Marquesas Arts Festival, with traditional dances, tattoo competitions, sculptures, songs and culinary arts...<br>\nThese events are an opportunity for the local population to rediscover and restore ancient sites (clearing away the abundant vegetation that often prevents an overall view of the structures, reinstating fallen sections, rebuilding huts, etc.), while at the same time creating a link between the generations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tapu-et-tabou\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tapu_et_Tabou\"><\/span> Tapu and Taboo <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-12_-Nuku-Hiva_Hatiheu_mars07-155-Copier.jpg\" alt=\"Island of Nuku Hiva, Hatiheu, large sacred banyan tree in which skulls have been found and considered to be tapu.\" class=\"wp-image-1301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-12_-Nuku-Hiva_Hatiheu_mars07-155-Copier.jpg 512w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-12_-Nuku-Hiva_Hatiheu_mars07-155-Copier-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-12_-Nuku-Hiva_Hatiheu_mars07-155-Copier-400x600.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Island of Nuku Hiva, Hatiheu, large sacred banyan tree in which skulls have been found and considered to be tapu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tapu: this Polynesian word means forbidden and has a sacred connotation. Tapu can refer to objects, people or actions that must be avoided so as not to trigger the wrath of the gods or defile the person who transgresses. James Cook brought the word back to England after his expeditions to the South Pacific. Freud, in his book Totem and Taboo, popularised the expression, and ethnologists used it as a generic term to signify what is forbidden.<br>\nMany tapu governed Marquesan society, and some still do, explains Pierre Ottino: \"This was probably one of the Polynesian archipelagos where this system was the most developed. It regulated everyone's lives, in a way similar to our laws. It delimited what was authorised, or feasible, from what was not. It placed fishing, harvesting and the consumption of plants and food under the protection of prohibitions, in a context where these people had only themselves to rely on. In this way, abuse was avoided, but the tapu themselves could become a source of abuse. The women's lives - their movements, their daily lives, their food, etc. - became terribly complicated as a result. Prohibitions apparently multiplied to the extreme. These 'laws', as it were, accumulated for every possible reason, including abuse of power, the protection of privileged circles, and so on. Situations that are perfectly recognisable elsewhere\".<br>\nCertain places were also tapu, in particular the me'ae, religious sites considered sacred and accessible only to priests and their assistants. Even today, Marquesans do not enter these areas. Other areas - ridge lines, torrent beds, banyan trees and their shadows - could also be tapu because they had a defensive, protective or funerary function. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Text and Photos:  Brigitte Postel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Getting there<br><\/strong> Air Tahiti Nui connects Paris with Papeete (Tahiti) via Los Angeles up to 7 times a week in 20 hours, departing from Roissy - CDG airport. Flights from \u20ac1,269 per person including tax.<br><a href=\"http:\/\/www.airtahitinui.com\"> www.airtahitinui.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Read more : <\/strong>Pierre OTTINO-GARANGER, 2006, Arch\u00e9ologie chez les Ta\u00efpi, Hatiheu, un projet partag\u00e9 aux \u00eeles Marquises, published by Au vent des \u00eeles (Tahiti) and IRD \u00c9d.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this mythical land, whose name sounds like a sensual invitation to discover the six inhabited islands out of the thirteen that make up the Marquesas archipelago, a handful of men and women are trying to reconnect with a past buried beneath the...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1302,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[119,8],"tags":[12,90,21,255,14,295],"class_list":["post-1286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-oceanie","category-polynesie","tag-archeologie","tag-art","tag-civilisation","tag-histoire","tag-ile","tag-marquises"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00celes Marquises - M\u00e9moire de pierre : Tikis et pa\u2019epa\u2019e - Univers Voyage<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Plusieurs sites arch\u00e9ologiques des \u00celes Marquises rec\u00e8lent des structures lithiques : pa\u2019epa\u2019e, tohua, me\u2019ae et tiki,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/marquesas-islands\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00celes Marquises - M\u00e9moire de pierre : Tikis et pa\u2019epa\u2019e\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Plusieurs sites arch\u00e9ologiques des \u00celes Marquises rec\u00e8lent des structures lithiques : pa\u2019epa\u2019e, tohua, me\u2019ae et tiki,\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/marquesas-islands\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Univers Voyage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/universvoyage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-09-08T16:42:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-11T17:26:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Photo-ouverture_-Hiva-Oa-_Puamau_mars07-061-Copier.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Univers Voyage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UniversVoyage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UniversVoyage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Univers Voyage\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/iles-marquises\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/iles-marquises\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Univers Voyage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4aa7c0a0f0662832f798a2ce5b4d9f0c\"},\"headline\":\"\u00celes Marquises &#8211; 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