{"id":7453,"date":"2025-01-15T16:31:15","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T15:31:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/?p=7453"},"modified":"2026-01-10T15:44:21","modified_gmt":"2026-01-10T14:44:21","slug":"the-intore-dance-becomes-a-lunesco-world-heritage-site","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/la-danse-des-intore-entre-au-patrimoine-mondial-immateriel-de-lunesco\/","title":{"rendered":"The Intore dance becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><br><strong>At the beginning of December 2024, the dance of the Intore, the ancient warriors of the Land of a Thousand Hills, was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This war dance is the pride of the members of the National Ballet of Rwanda, guardians of the country's cultural heritage, but it could also serve other more nationalistic interests.<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/la-danse-des-intore-entre-au-patrimoine-mondial-immateriel-de-lunesco\/#Des_piliers_de_la_culture_rwandaise\" >Pillars of Rwandan culture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/la-danse-des-intore-entre-au-patrimoine-mondial-immateriel-de-lunesco\/#Un_art_tres_codifie\" >A highly codified art form<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/la-danse-des-intore-entre-au-patrimoine-mondial-immateriel-de-lunesco\/#Cohesion_sociale_ou_endoctrinement\" >Social cohesion or indoctrination?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Intore_yimbere_Muhirehussein12.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-rl_title=\"Rwanda. Danseur d&rsquo;Intore coiff\u00e9 d&rsquo;une crini\u00e8re symbolisant un f\u00e9lin. Muhirehussein.\" data-rl_caption=\"Rwanda. Danseur d&#039;Intore coiff\u00e9 d&#039;une crini\u00e8re symbolisant un f\u00e9lin. Muhirehussein.\" title=\"Rwanda. Intore dancer wearing a mane symbolising a feline. Muhirehussein.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" src=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Intore_yimbere_Muhirehussein12.jpg\" alt=\"Rwanda. Intore dancer wearing a mane symbolising a feline. Muhirehussein.\" class=\"wp-image-7467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Intore_yimbere_Muhirehussein12.jpg 640w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Intore_yimbere_Muhirehussein12-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Intore_yimbere_Muhirehussein12-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Intore_yimbere_Muhirehussein12-400x600.jpg 400w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Intore_yimbere_Muhirehussein12-16x24.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Rwanda. Intore dancer wearing a mane symbolising a feline. <em>\u00a9<\/em><\/em> <em>Muhirehussein.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><br>After the drums of Burundi, Congolese Rumba, henna and fabric <em>kente <\/em>or the Ghanaian <em>Ngondo <\/em>in Cameroon, fourteen African goods and rituals entered the Unesco world intangible heritage lists in 2024. The Intore dance from Rwanda is the latest living African treasure to be listed, underlining the importance of this art form as a symbol of Rwandan culture on the world stage.<br>In pre-colonial Rwanda, the Intore were elite young fighters from the Tutsi nobility selected by the mwami, the king, for their physical abilities and martial skills. In Kinyarwanda, intore means \"chosen\" or \"selected\". At the turn of the 20th century, <em>\"The practices in which these young men engaged - war dances (guhamiliza), archery (kurasa), spear-throwing (gutera icumu), wrestling (gukirana), recitation of pastoral and epic poems (kwinikaza, guhiga) - prepared them to replace their \"fathers\" in the political and military exercise of power in the Nyiginya kingdom. The court, the political chiefs and the lineage chiefs thus contributed to the construction of the kingdom's warrior complex.<\/em> (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Des_piliers_de_la_culture_rwandaise\"><\/span>Pillars of Rwandan culture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Icyugo_Endikuemmy.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-1\" data-rl_title=\"V\u00eatus de pagnes en peau de l\u00e9opard et torse nu, les danseurs Intore portent une lance et un bouclier. Icyugo Endikuemmy.\" data-rl_caption=\"V\u00eatus de pagnes en peau de l\u00e9opard et torse nu, les danseurs Intore portent une lance et un bouclier. Icyugo Endikuemmy.\" title=\"Dressed in leopard-skin loincloths and bare-chested, the Intore dancers carry a spear and a shield. Icyugo Endikuemmy.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" src=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Icyugo_Endikuemmy.jpg\" alt=\"Dressed in leopard-skin loincloths and bare-chested, the Intore dancers carry a spear and a shield. Icyugo Endikuemmy.\" class=\"wp-image-7457\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Icyugo_Endikuemmy.jpg 640w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Icyugo_Endikuemmy-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Icyugo_Endikuemmy-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Icyugo_Endikuemmy-600x398.jpg 600w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Icyugo_Endikuemmy-36x24.jpg 36w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Dressed in leopard-skin loincloths and bare-chested, the Intore dancers carry a spear and a shield. \u00a9<\/em> <em>Icyugo Endikuemmy.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The Intore dance celebrates the life, strength, bravery and virility of the warriors of yesteryear. It is performed at every official ceremony, weddings, festivals and all major events. These dances, which embody an elitist philosophy, are halfway between dance and the art of war, and are performed by numerous troupes throughout Rwanda.<br>Intore's choreography faithfully reproduces the epic battles of yesteryear. The dancers are trained in institutions called itorero, where they learn cultural values, poetry and the performing arts. They are then selected from across the country to take part in the \"Intore\". <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/emission\/20170827-ballet-national-rwanda-danse-intore\">ballet national<\/a>created in 1973 and directed by Jean-Marie Muyango. It brings together the country's best dancers and takes part in international competitions.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Un_art_tres_codifie\"><\/span>A highly codified art form<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/African_Land_Forces_Summit_2012_7254298962.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-2\" data-rl_title=\"Rwanda. Danseur d&rsquo;Intore en pleine action.\" data-rl_caption=\"Rwanda. Danseur d&#039;Intore en pleine action.\" title=\"Rwanda. Intore dancer in action.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"610\" src=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/African_Land_Forces_Summit_2012_7254298962.jpg\" alt=\"Rwanda. Intore dancer in action.\" class=\"wp-image-7459\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/African_Land_Forces_Summit_2012_7254298962.jpg 640w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/African_Land_Forces_Summit_2012_7254298962-300x286.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/African_Land_Forces_Summit_2012_7254298962-13x12.jpg 13w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/African_Land_Forces_Summit_2012_7254298962-400x380.jpg 400w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/African_Land_Forces_Summit_2012_7254298962-600x572.jpg 600w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/African_Land_Forces_Summit_2012_7254298962-25x24.jpg 25w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Rwanda. Intore dancer in action.<\/em> <em>\u00a9 Commons<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Intore dance is a noble art that does not tolerate improvisation. It is so closely linked to national history that it is sacred. The movements and sequences of figures are highly codified.<br>Lined up like warriors on a battlefield, the dancers advance with spear and shield in hand. They wear pearl ornaments (\" <em>Ibitako <\/em>\") on their shoulders and backs. These symbolise respect and, according to tradition, offer magical protection. Bells around their ankles tinkle as they pound the ground and jump. This sound was once used as a tactic of intimidation on the battlefield. Wearing a long, feline-inspired blond mane that they toss back and forth, dressed in a cotton loincloth and tunic (dancers used to dance bare-chested in a leopard-skin loincloth), their movements are initially slow and jerky, as if gauging an imaginary adversary. With menacing glances and a sneer on their lips, the dancers move from side to side in a complex choreography that combines elegance and raw aggression. At certain points, the dancers stop, arms outstretched, declaiming or shouting war cries. Each movement is executed with masterly precision, in perfect synchronisation with the other performers. Then the battle breaks out, and the dancer-warriors leap with agility, twirling their spears vigorously. They dodge and fight back, supported by songs and poems extolling their exploits, until they overpower their enemy in a final heroic charge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cohesion_sociale_ou_endoctrinement\"><\/span>Social cohesion or indoctrination?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Ballet_national_du_Rwanda-Danseurs_Ji-Elle_3.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-3\" data-rl_title=\"Danseurs d&rsquo;Intore du ballet national du Rwanda. Ji Elle.\" data-rl_caption=\"Danseurs d&#039;Intore du ballet national du Rwanda. Ji Elle.\" title=\"Intore dancers from the National Ballet of Rwanda. Ji Elle.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Ballet_national_du_Rwanda-Danseurs_Ji-Elle_3.jpg\" alt=\"Intore dancers from the National Ballet of Rwanda. Ji Elle.\" class=\"wp-image-7462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Ballet_national_du_Rwanda-Danseurs_Ji-Elle_3.jpg 640w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Ballet_national_du_Rwanda-Danseurs_Ji-Elle_3-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Ballet_national_du_Rwanda-Danseurs_Ji-Elle_3-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Ballet_national_du_Rwanda-Danseurs_Ji-Elle_3-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Ballet_national_du_Rwanda-Danseurs_Ji-Elle_3-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Ballet_national_du_Rwanda-Danseurs_Ji-Elle_3-24x24.jpg 24w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Intore dancers from the National Ballet of Rwanda \u00a9.<\/em> <em>Ji Elle.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><br>While the Rwandan authorities are banking on Intore (and football) to bring together the people living in a country scarred by the massacres of some 800,000 Tutsis and Hutus in opposition to the interim government in 1994, the fact remains that certain art could harbour other intentions. As Jules Gahima points out on the jambonews website: <em>\"In recent Rwandan parlance, the word Intore means those loyal to the post-genocide regime of leader Paul Kagame. It refers to the conception that Kagame's political leaders have of the model citizen: the citizen who acclaims the regime, never criticises it, and fights at all costs anyone who does not see things the same way as the regime in power. In terms of its organisation and operation, the current itorero reflects a well-decentralised programme for inculcating the RPF ideology into the population, in a very effective way\".<\/em>. (2)<br>Admittedly, the current Rwandan government (the Rwandan Patriotic Front, RPF, whose president is Paul Kagame) has chosen to make an educational and military institution that existed before the country was colonised one of the main vectors of national reconstruction, according to the authors of <em>\"The politics of itorero in Rwanda<\/em> (3). More than two million \"chosen ones\" have been trained in the scheme since 2008. Unesco supports this approach and emphasises the role of Intore in promoting social cohesion. Butera Masamba Intore, artistic director and trainer of the National Ballet of Rwanda, confirms this: <em>\"Intore played a decisive unifying role after the genocide of the Tutsis. Dance was a tool to bring people together, and I wouldn't say to forget, but to comfort each other, to associate. Whether you come from a rich, poor or middle class background, whether you're a farmer or a stockbreeder, dance brings everyone together. It is neither a war dance nor a simple aesthetic performance. Intore embodies nobility, integrity and the values that accompany us throughout our lives\".<\/em><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) ref. Vansina J., 2001, Le Rwanda ancien. Le royaume Nyiginya, Paris, Karthala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jambonews.net\/actualites\/20200304-les-intore-du-rwanda-un-endoctrinement-qui-inquiete\/\">https:\/\/www.jambonews.net\/actualites\/20200304-les-intore-du-rwanda-un-endoctrinement-qui-inquiete\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) <a href=\"https:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/revue-tiers-monde-2016-4-page-101?lang=fr\">https:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/revue-tiers-monde-2016-4-page-101?lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Text : <\/strong>Brigitte Postel<br><strong>Photos : <\/strong>wiki Commons<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At the beginning of December 2024, the dance of the Intore, the ancient warriors of the Land of a Thousand Hills, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This war dance is the pride of the members of Rwanda's national ballet, guardians of the country's heritage...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":7454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[136,184],"tags":[193,21,262,255,264,265],"class_list":["post-7453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-rwanda","tag-afrique","tag-civilisation","tag-culture","tag-histoire","tag-peuples-premiers","tag-unesco"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La danse des Intore entre au Patrimoine mondial immat\u00e9riel de l&#039;Unesco - Univers Voyage<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La danse des Intore, les anciens guerriers du Rwanda, a \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrite d\u00e9but d\u00e9cembre 2024 au patrimoine mondial immat\u00e9riel de l&#039;Unesco.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/the-intore-dance-becomes-a-lunesco-world-heritage-site\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La danse des Intore entre au Patrimoine mondial immat\u00e9riel de l&#039;Unesco\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La danse des Intore, les anciens guerriers du Rwanda, a \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrite d\u00e9but d\u00e9cembre 2024 au patrimoine mondial immat\u00e9riel de l&#039;Unesco.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/en\/the-intore-dance-becomes-a-lunesco-world-heritage-site\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Univers Voyage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/universvoyage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-15T15:31:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-10T14:44:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/universvoyage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/640px-Rwandan_Lacebash_Culture.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"245\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Brigitte Postel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UniversVoyage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UniversVoyage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Brigitte Postel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/la-danse-des-intore-entre-au-patrimoine-mondial-immateriel-de-lunesco\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/la-danse-des-intore-entre-au-patrimoine-mondial-immateriel-de-lunesco\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Brigitte Postel\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9ea4f1a62da34a53e6429c45a2c9a6a9\"},\"headline\":\"La danse des Intore entre au Patrimoine mondial immat\u00e9riel de l&rsquo;Unesco\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-15T15:31:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-10T14:44:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/la-danse-des-intore-entre-au-patrimoine-mondial-immateriel-de-lunesco\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1190,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/la-danse-des-intore-entre-au-patrimoine-mondial-immateriel-de-lunesco\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/640px-Rwandan_Lacebash_Culture.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Afrique\",\"Civilisation\",\"Culture\",\"Histoire\",\"Peuples premiers\",\"Unesco\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Actualit\u00e9s\",\"Rwanda\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/la-danse-des-intore-entre-au-patrimoine-mondial-immateriel-de-lunesco\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/la-danse-des-intore-entre-au-patrimoine-mondial-immateriel-de-lunesco\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/universvoyage.com\\\/la-danse-des-intore-entre-au-patrimoine-mondial-immateriel-de-lunesco\\\/\",\"name\":\"La danse des Intore entre au Patrimoine mondial immat\u00e9riel de l'Unesco - 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